Renal Organic Anion Transporters (SLC22 Family): Expression, Regulation, Roles in Toxicity, and Impact on Injury and Disease

Document Type

Article

Original Publication Date

2013

Journal/Book/Conference Title

The AAPS Journal

Volume

15

Issue

1

First Page

53

Last Page

69

DOI of Original Publication

10.1208/s12248-012-9413-y

Comments

Originally published at doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9413-y

PMCID: PMC3535093

Date of Submission

October 2015

Abstract

Organic solute flux across the basolateral and apical membranes of renal proximal tubule cells is a key process for maintaining systemic homeostasis. It represents an important route for the elimination of metabolic waste products and xenobiotics, as well as for the reclamation of essential compounds. Members of the organic anion transporter (OAT, SLC22) family expressed in proximal tubules comprise one pathway mediating the active renal secretion and reabsorption of organic anions. Many drugs, pesticides, hormones, heavy metal conjugates, components of phytomedicines, and toxins are OAT substrates. Thus, through transporter activity, the kidney can be a target organ for their beneficial or detrimental effects. Detailed knowledge of the OATs expressed in the kidney, their membrane targeting, substrate specificity, and mechanisms of action is essential to understanding organ function and dysfunction. The intracellular processes controlling OAT expression and function, and that can thus modulate kidney transport capacity, are also critical to this understanding. Such knowledge is also providing insight to new areas such as renal transplant research. This review will provide an overview of the OATs for which transport activity has been demonstrated and expression/function in the kidney observed. Examples establishing a role for renal OATs in drug clearance, food/drug–drug interactions, and renal injury and pathology are presented. An update of the current information regarding the regulation of OAT expression is also provided.

Rights

Copyright © American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists 2012

Is Part Of

VCU Pharmaceutics Publications

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