Document Type
Article
Original Publication Date
2006
Journal/Book/Conference Title
BMC Bioinformatics
Volume
7
DOI of Original Publication
10.1186/1471-2105-7-154
Date of Submission
September 2014
Abstract
Background Current methods of analyzing Affymetrix GeneChip® microarray data require the estimation of probe set expression summaries, followed by application of statistical tests to determine which genes are differentially expressed. The S-Score algorithm described by Zhang and colleagues is an alternative method that allows tests of hypotheses directly from probe level data. It is based on an error model in which the detected signal is proportional to the probe pair signal for highly expressed genes, but approaches a background level (rather than 0) for genes with low levels of expression. This model is used to calculate relative change in probe pair intensities that converts probe signals into multiple measurements with equalized errors, which are summed over a probe set to form the S-Score. Assuming no expression differences between chips, the S-Score follows a standard normal distribution, allowing direct tests of hypotheses to be made. Using spike-in and dilution datasets, we validated the S-Score method against comparisons of gene expression utilizing the more recently developed methods RMA, dChip, and MAS5.
Results The S-score showed excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting low-level gene expression changes. Rank ordering of S-Score values more accurately reflected known fold-change values compared to other algorithms.
Conclusion The S-score method, utilizing probe level data directly, offers significant advantages over comparisons using only probe set expression summaries.
Rights
© 2006 Kennedy et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Is Part Of
VCU Biostatistics Publications
Comparison of S-Score and RMA. Plot of absolute value of S-Score vs absolute value of difference in RMA expression summaries, comparing the specified concentration to the baseline chip. X- and Y-axis projections are added to show separation of spike-in probes more clearly.
1471-2105-7-154-s2.pdf (66 kB)
Comparison of S-Score and dChip. Plot of absolute value of S-Score vs absolute value of difference in base 2 logarithm of dChip model-based expression index, comparing the specified concentration to the baseline chip. X- and Y-axis projections are added to show separation of spike-in probes more clearly.
1471-2105-7-154-s3.pdf (74 kB)
Comparison of S-Score and MAS5. Plot of absolute value of S-Score vs MAS5 p-values, comparing the specified concentration to the baseline chip. MAS5 p-values were transformed so that significantly up- and down-regulated genes will have p-values approaching 0. X- and Y-axis projections are added to show separation of spike-in probes more clearly.
1471-2105-7-154-s4.pdf (50 kB)
Quantile-quantile plots of intensity data for the Dilution dataset.
1471-2105-7-154-s5.pdf (35 kB)
Linearity plots for the Latin Square dataset.
1471-2105-7-154-s6.doc (225 kB)
Supplementary Tables 1-20.
Comments
Originally published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-154