DOI
https://doi.org/10.25772/Z955-1E26
Defense Date
2015
Document Type
Thesis
Degree Name
Master of Science
Department
Pharmacology & Toxicology
First Advisor
Dr. Lawrence F. Povirk
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks containing unligatable termini are potent cytotoxic lesions leading to cell death or growth arrest. Artemis, which is associated with the Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway, is the major end processing nuclease that resolves unligatable termini, especially the 3′ blocks, by nucleolytic trimming. Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is an enzyme which is biochemically competent in 3′-phosphoglycolate processing. The purpose of this study is to investigate if TDP1 is an end-processing enzyme involved in the NHEJ pathway. Clonogenic Survival assays using shRNA-mediated TDP1 knockdown and Artemis knockout (Artemis-/-) in HCT116 cells showed increased sensitivity to Neocarzinostatin (NCS) and Calicheamicin, radiomimetic drugs that produce 3′-phosphoglycolate-terminated double-strand breaks. Thus, a cell line with combined deficiency in Artemis and TDP1 was generated by infecting Artemis-/- single mutants with a lentivirus expressing a TDP1 shRNA. Positive clones were screened for maximum TDP1 knockdown which was found to be 10X. Clonogenic survival assays carried out on shTDP1 & Artemis-/- single mutants and the Artemis-/-.shTDP1 double mutants showed similar sensitivity to Calicheamicin and NCS. Immunofluorescence studies on Art-/- and Art-/-.shTDP1 mutants also showed a similar increase in persistent 53BP1 foci, a measure of DNA damage, after treatment with NCS. Cell cycle analysis studies showed all these mutants arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle after treatment with NCS. Thus, taken all together, surprisingly, these experiments suggest that TDP1 functions are epistatic with Artemis in the NHEJ pathway for repair of Calicheamicin- and NCS-mediated DNA damage.
Rights
© The Author
Is Part Of
VCU University Archives
Is Part Of
VCU Theses and Dissertations
Date of Submission
5-4-2015