Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6120-0589

Defense Date

2025

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science

Department

Sociology

First Advisor

Dr. Gina Marie Longo

Second Advisor

Dr. Frankie Mastrangelo

Third Advisor

Dr. B. Ethan Coston

Abstract

My study aims to uncover the discursive elements behind the gendered recruitment strategies that influencers in the manosphere use to pipeline men and boys into their multi-level marketing (MLM) companies. In the manosphere, male supremacy is presented as desirable and subversive, and MLMs take advantage of emotional and economic instability. My study examines the Twitter (X) account of the popular manosphere influencer Andrew Tate as I trace his rhetoric along a three-pronged gendered recruitment framework, a framework originally developed around women selling essential oils online and funneling their followers into radical alt-right politics. What are the similarities and differences in MLM recruitment strategies for men versus women? And how does Tate’s rhetoric and methods recruit followers, get them “hooked” on his content, and subsequently downline them into his own MLMs and the manosphere more broadly? My findings suggest that the downlining functions differently inside the manosphere, with Tate positioning himself as the ultimate source of knowledge and power. I call this gendered strategy of recruitment and radicalization “manlining.” This study addresses the rise in misogynistic behaviors among men both online and off and will hopefully begin to fill a gap in literature on masculine-coded MLMs.

Rights

© Carey J. Priebe

Is Part Of

VCU University Archives

Is Part Of

VCU Theses and Dissertations

Date of Submission

12-4-2025

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