Document Type
Article
Original Publication Date
2014
Journal/Book/Conference Title
PLoS One
Volume
9
Issue
10
First Page
e106446
DOI of Original Publication
10.1371/journal.pone.0106446
Date of Submission
April 2015
Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between cigarette use during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia/eclampsia (PIH) by maternal race/ethnicity and age.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was based on the U.S. 2010 natality data. Our study sample included U.S. women who delivered singleton pregnancies between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation without major fetal anomalies in 2010 (n = 3,113,164). Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
Results
We observed that the association between maternal smoking and PIH varied by maternal race/ethnicity and age. Compared with non-smokers, reduced odds of PIH among pregnant smokers was only evident for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic American Indian women aged less than 35 years. Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander women who smoked during pregnancy had increased odds of PIH regardless of maternal age. Non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black women 35 years or older who smoked during pregnancy also had increased odds of PIH.
Conclusion
Our study findings suggest important differences by maternal race/ethnicity and age in the association between cigarette use during pregnancy and PIH. More research is needed to establish the biologic and social mechanisms that might explain the variations with maternal age and race/ethnicity that were observed in our study.
Rights
Copyright: © 2014 Chang et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Recommended Citation
Reassessing the Impact of Smoking on Preeclampsia/Eclampsia: Are There Age and Racial Differences? Chang JJ, Strauss JF III, Deshazo JP, Rigby FB, Chelmow DP, et al. (2014) Reassessing the Impact of Smoking on Preeclampsia/Eclampsia: Are There Age and Racial Differences? PLoS ONE 9(10): e106446. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106446
Is Part Of
VCU Obstetrics and Gynecology Publications
Odds Ratios for the Effect of Smoking on PIH Among Ethnic Groups. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106446.s001
journal.pone.0106446.s002.DOCX (15 kB)
Odds Ratios for the Effect of Smoking on PIH Among Ethnic Groups by Maternal Age. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106446.s002
Comments
Originally published a http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106446.
Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The primary data utilized in our analyses are deposited in public databases. The 2010 public-use U.S. natality file from Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics is publicly available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm The U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database is publicly available at http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp.
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (Grant P60 MD002256). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.