•  
  •  
 

Keywords

prison, incarceration, women prisoners, mothers, education, parenting programs

Abstract

This scoping review addresses the question, what are the outcomes of existing prison parenting education programs for women experiencing incarceration and what can we learn? The framework used was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Significant positive changes were identified after attending prison parenting programs and women generally provided positive feedback about their experiences however, there were also insights into the distress caused. The content covered in the programs is also explored. In conclusion, prison can be an opportunity for parenting education and support although currently the best way to provide this support to women has not been established. This review gives insight to those wanting to develop a parenting program specifically for women.

Author Bio

Belinda Lovell (corresponding author) has twelve years’ experience as a clinical nurse and midwife, experience in clinical teaching, University teaching, research and parent education. She has a Master’s degree and is currently undertaking a PhD at the University of South Australia. PhD candidate, BNurs, MMid, IBLCE.

Dr. Angela Brown is the Clinical Program Coordinator at UniSA, Board Director for The Australian College of Midwives and Midwifery representative for RANZCOG's Women's Health Committee. She has twenty years of experience as a Clinical Midwife and Clinical Nurse (acute care). Her research interests include cultural safety and equitable health outcomes for Aboriginal women and babies, refugee health and wellbeing, development of evidence based obstetric guidelines and respectful maternity care. BNurs, BMid, MMid, MBA, PhD.

Professor Adrian Esterman is the Professor of Biostatistics and Foundation Chair of Biostatistics. He is the author of over 350 publications with an h-index of 60. Adrian provides advice on biostatistics and epidemiology to researchers in the Division of Health Sciences at the University of South Australia. He is the Chief Investigator on several research grants and has supervised 25 PhD students successfully to completion with two students winning the university prize for best thesis. PhD, MSc, BSc (hons), FACE, DLSHTM.

Professor Mary Steen has over 35 years clinical experience as a midwife and nurse and is a health educator and researcher. She is Chair of the Mothers, Babies and Families Research Group at UniSA and facilitates the promotion of research and scholarly activities, both nationally and internationally. She has presented at numerous national and international conferences, written over 100 peer reviewed articles (86 as first author), 18 chapters and authored, edited and contributed to a variety of books with interest in midwifery care, women’s health, family health, maternal health and well-being, healthy eating and lifestyles, managing emotions, family relationships; engaging fathers, parenting and family violence.

RGN, RM, BHSc, DipClinHyp, PGCRM, PGDipHE, MCGI, PhD

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Armstrong, E., Eggins, E., Reid, N., Harnett, P., & Dawe, S. (2017). Parenting interventions for incarcerated parents to improve parenting knowledge and skills, parent well-being, and quality of the parent–child relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(3), 279-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-017-9290-6

Badiee, M., Wang, S., & Creswell, J. (2012). Designing community-based mixed methods research. In Nagata, Donna K, Kohn-Wood, Laura & Suzuki, Lisa A, Qualitative strategies for ethnocultural research., American Psychological Association; 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1037/13742-003

Baldwin, L. (2017). Tainted Love: The impact of prison on mothering identity explored via mothers’ post prison reflections. Prison Service Journal (233)28. ISSN:03003558

Barnes, S. L., & Stringer, E. C. (2014). Is motherhood important? Imprisoned women’s maternal experiences before and during confinement and their postrelease expectations. Feminist Criminology, 9(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085113504450

Barrick, K., Lattimore, P., & Visher, C. (2014). Reentering women: The impact of social ties on long-term recidivism. The Prison Journal, 94(3), 279-304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885514537596

Bartels, L., Easteal, P., & Westgate, R. (2019). Understanding women’s imprisonment in Australia. Women and Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1657550

Bell, L. G., & Cornwell, C. S. (2015). Evaluationof a family wellness course for persons in prison. Journal of Correctional Education, 66(1), 45-57. ISSN:07402708

Collica-Cox, K. (2018). Parenting, prison and pups with a purpose: How dog-assisted therapy can improve inmates as mothers. Corrections Today. 80(3), 24-32. ISSN:0190-2563

Collica-Cox, K., & Furst, G. (2019). Parenting from a county jail: Parenting from beyond the bars. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 40(7), 593-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1565877

Curtis, E., Jones, R., Tipene-Leach, D., Walker, C., Loring, B., Paine, S., & Reid, P. (2019). Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: A literature review and recommended definition. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-1082-3

Easteal, P. (2001). Women in Autralian prisons: The cycle of abuse and dysfunctional environments. The Prison Journal, 81(1), 87-112. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0032885501081001007

Easterling, B. A., Feldmeyer, B., & Presser, L. (2019). Narrating mother identities from prison. Feminist Criminology, 14(5), 519-539. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085118773457

Fowler, C., Dawson, A., Rossiter, C., Jackson, D., Power, T., & Roche, M. (2018). When parenting does not ‘come naturally’: Providers’ perspectives on parenting education for incarcerated mothers and fathers. Studies in Continuing Education, 40(1), 98-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2017.1396449

Frye, S., & Dawe, S. (2008). Interventions for women prisoners and their children in the post-release period. Clinical Psychologist, 12(3), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/13284200802516522

Harm, N., & Thompson, P. (1997). Evaluating the effectiveness of parent education for incarcerated mothers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 24(3-4), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v24n03_08

Henderson, J. (1990). Effects of parent education training of the self-concept and knowledge of effective parenting practices of incarcerated mothers. [Doctoral dissertation, University of the Pacific]. ProQuest Dissertations.

Kamptner, N. L., Teyber, F. H., Rockwood, N. J., & Drzewiecki, D. (2017). Evaluating the efficacy of an attachment-informed psychotherapeutic program for incarcerated parents. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry, 4(2), 62-81. https://doi.org/10.15845/jper.v4i2.1058

Kennon, S. S, Mackintosh, V. H., & Myers, B. J. (2009). Parenting education for incarcerated mothers. Journal of Correctional Education, 60(1), 10-30. ISSN:07402708

Loper, A. B., & Tuerk, E. H. (2006). Parenting programs for incarcerated parents current research and future directions. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17(4), 407-427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403406292692

Loper, A. B., & Tuerk, E. H. (2011). Improving the emotional adjustment and communication patterns of incarcerated mothers: Effectiveness of a prison parenting intervention. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20(1), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-010-9381-8

Menting, A. T., De Castro, B. O., Wijngaards-de Meij, L. D., & Matthys, W. (2014). A trial of parent training for mothers being released from incarceration and their children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 381-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.817310

Miller, A. L., Weston, L. E., Perryman, J., Horwitz, T., Franzen, S., & Cochran, S. (2014). Parenting while incarcerated: Tailoring the strengthening families program for use with jailed mothers. Children & Youth Services Review, 44, 163-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.06.013

Newman, C., Fowler, C., & Cashin, A. (2011). The development of a parenting program for incarcerated mothers in Australia: A review of prison-based parenting programs. Contemporary Nurse, 39(1), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2011.39.1.2

Nicolaidis, C., & Raymaker, D. (2015). Community-based participatory research with communities defined by race, ethnicity, and disability: Translatin theory to practice. In Bradbury, H. (Eds)., The SAGE handbook of action research (3rd ed., pp.167-178). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473921290

Perry, V., Fowler, C., & Heggie, K. (2009). Evaluation of the mothering at a distance program. New South Wales Department of Corrections and Tresillian Family Care Centres. Australia. Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.correctiveservices.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Evaluation-of-the-Mothering-at-a-Distance_Program.pdf

Perry, V., Fowler, C., Heggie, K., & Barbara, K (2011). The impact of a correctional-based parenting program in strengthening parenting skills of incarcerated mothers. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 22(3), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2011.12035898

Prison Reform International. (2013). UN Bangkok Rules on women offenders and prisoners short guide. https://www.penalreform.org/issues/women/bangkok-rules-2/

Prguda, E., & Burke, K. (2020). All eyes on me as a parent: Professionals’ and offenders’ views on parenting challenges and barriers to accessing parenting services. Child Abuse & Neglect, 99, 104226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104226

Rossiter, C., Power, T., Fowler, C., Jackson, D., Hyslop, D., & Dawson, A. (2015). Mothering at a distance: what incarcerated mothers value about a parenting programme. Contemporary Nurse, 50(2-3), 238-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2015.1105108

Scudder, A. T., McNeil, C. B., Chengappa, K., & Costello, A. H. (2014). Evaluation of an existing parenting class within a women’s state correctional facility and a parenting class modeled from parent-child interaction therapy. Children and Youth Services Review, 46, 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.08.015

Shlonsky, A., Rose, D., Harris, J., Albers, B., Mildon, R., Wilson, S., Norvell, J., Kissinger, L. (2016). Literature Review of Prison-based Mothers and Children Programs: Final report. Corrections Victoria, Dept. of Justice and Regulation. https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/226801106

Shortt, J. W., Eddy, J., Sheeber, L., & Davis, B. (2014). Project home: A pilot evaluation of an emotion-focused intervention for mothers reuniting with children after prison. Psychological Services, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034323

Simmons, C., Noble, A., & Nieto, M. (2013). Friends outside’s positive parenting for incarcerated parents: An evaluation. Corrections Today, 74(6), 45-48. ISSN:01902563

Strathopoulos, M. (2012). Addressing women’s victimisation histories in custodial settings Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault. (Report No. 13 2012). Australian Institute of Family Studies. Commonwealth of Australia. https://aifs.gov.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/i13.pdf

Thompson, P., & Harm, N. (2000). Parenting from prison: Helping children and mothers. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 22(2), 61-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/01460860050121402

Tremblay, M. D., & Sutherland, J. E. (2017). The Effectiveness of parenting programs for incarcerated mothers: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(12), 3247-3265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0900-8

Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., Hempel, S., Chang, C., McGowan, J., Stewart, L., Hartling, L., Aldcroft, A., Wilson, M., Garrity, C., Lewin, S., . . . Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/m18-0850

Troy, V., McPherson, K. E., Emslie, C., & Gilchrist, E. (2018). The feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness of parenting and family support programs delivered in the criminal justice system: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(6), 1732-1747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1034-3

Urban, L. S., & Burton, B. (2015). Evaluating the turning points curriculum: A three-year study to assess parenting knowledge in a sample of incarcerated women. Journal of Correctional Education, 66(1), 58-74. ISSN:07402708

Walmsley, R. (2016). World Female Imprisonment List. Institute of Criminal Policy Research and Birbeck. Retrieved February 3, 2020, from https://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/world_female_prison_4th_edn_v4_web.pdf

Wilson, K., Gonzalez, P., Romero, T., Henry, K., & Cerbana, C. (2010). The effectiveness of parent education for incarcerated parents: An evaluation of parenting from prison. Journal of Correctional Education, 61(2), 114-132. ISSN:07402708

Wulf-Ludden, T. L. (2010). An evaluation of the parenting program at the Nebraska Correctional Center for Women (Publication No. 1483201) [M.A., University of Nebraska at Omaha]. ProQuest Dissertations.

First Page

294

Last Page

315

Share

COinS